The Internal Sources of Finance

The Internal Sources of Finance In request to develop your independent venture into a bigger one, it is imperative to put resources into it. What's more, to put resources into your business, you need access to back. Shockingly, outside wellsprings of fund †loan specialists and financial specialists †are frequently distrustful of private companies. This can leave you to depend on interior wellsprings of fund for putting resources into your business. Held Earnings Retained profit are a simple wellspring of inner financing to utilize in light of the fact that they are fluid assets.Retained profit are the segment of overall gain that you have held in your organization and not paid out. In a private company, held profit are typically paid out to the proprietors, who frequently don't draw a planned pay. Rather than paying out held profit, you can reinvest them into the organization. Current Assets Current resources comprise of money or anything that can without much of a stretch be changed over into money. For instance, if your business has stock property in different organizations, you can strip yourself of those stocks and utilize the returns as a wellspring of financing.You ought to be cautious, in any case, not to diminish your present advantages for levels not exactly your present liabilities, as this may keep you from taking care of your obligations. Fixed Assets Fixed resources are those that are not effectively changed over to money. Normally, these benefits incorporate hardware, property and manufacturing plants. Since these advantages set aside some effort to change over to money, they can't be depended on for momentary access to back. On the off chance that you have the opportunity, notwithstanding, you could †for instance †auction some gear or even property to put resources into your business.This is especially helpful if your requirements have grown out of a portion of your fixed resources †for instance, on the off chance that yo u have to buy more up to date hardware. Individual Savings Personal reserve funds are the foundation of numerous private companies. On the off chance that your business doesn't have the advantages for fund your undertaking, you may in any case have individual funds that you can add to the business. This gives an option in contrast to looking for outer financial specialists or advances and permits you to hold authority over your business.

Stryker Corporation In-sourcing PCBs Essay Essay Example

Stryker Corporation: In-sourcing PCBs Essay 1. Express the Business Case for # 3 Choice # 3 has a few advantages that make it the most possible choice of all. Here are the undermentioned advantages: * This choice guarantees a higher evaluation of command over quality and bringing. These advancements will help chop down the calculated losingss. * The underlying outgo ( manufacturing costs ) will be income upgrade deductible. empowering Stryker to bring down its income improvement obligation in the underlying mature ages of in-house manufacture. * The deterioration factor of introductory contributing will other than be income improvement deductible. We will compose a custom exposition test on Stryker Corporation: In-sourcing PCBs Essay explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom exposition test on Stryker Corporation: In-sourcing PCBs Essay explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom exposition test on Stryker Corporation: In-sourcing PCBs Essay explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer * Accounts collectible range has expanded from being 30 to 120 yearss because of new exchanges with suppliers. This implies Stryker will to a great extent do cash of the customer before it needs to take care of to its suppliers. * Having an in-house creation unit will empower Stryker Corporation to modify the total of creation quickly. quickly and orchestrating to the adjusting request to expand the gainfulness. * An opposite incorporating of the organization will take to money related worth abatement and mindful customer administration. * With the insourcing unit put in topographic point. Stryker will be to the full prepared to run into its future developing requests. * The current PCBs suppliers are much of the time non reliable as they work on truly light overall gain fringe and have chances of running into liquidation. 2. Register Capital Budgeting Decision Criteria. Examine what they mean NPV: Cost of the current sourcing strategy has a NPV of $ - 32. 67M over a time of 6 mature ages ( 2004-2009 ) . Cost of the In-house manufacture strategy has a NPV of $ - 31. 8M over a time of 6 mature ages ( 2004-2009 ) . This implies taking this endeavor has a positive NPV of $ 870. 000. Fitting to this investigation. creating in-house will work out to be less expensive. IRR: 37. 9 % . holding such a high IRR implies, that there is acceptable mix-up outskirt in the expense of capital. In straightforward words. regardless of whether the expense of capital went up from 15 % to 37. 9 % . NPV will just go 0. Along these lines. Choice # 3 is the acceptable contributing contrasted with the present alternative. Restitution Period: I determined a compensation time of 3. 11 mature ages ( get bringing down at get bringing down of 2004 ) that implies at 3. 11 mature ages the endeavor will make its breakeven point and after this point it will get down creating total compensation. 3. How might you contrast this with choices 1 A ; 2 This is a superior alternative than # 1 and # 2. Alternative # 1 has following disadvantages: * Acquiring wellbeing stock and setting up twofold sourcing of every single electronic get together would take to greater expense of stock rundown. * This would take to increasingly costly and complex stock rundown course framework. The Option # 2 has its ain downsides like: * Having an individual supplier can give supplier additionally dealing power. * This alternative will quite better the trustworthiness guidelines yet will other than plan miserable reliance on an individual supplier for various types and aggregates of PCBs which can be hazardous as any inability to run into the stuff requests by the supplier may expect unmanufactured stocks. 4. Would encourage bolster this endeavor? I would emphatically propose bolster this endeavor only non in light of the fact that it’s NPV ( Cost of alternative # 3 ) is less in total an incentive than the NPV ( Cost of current choice ) which implies it is relatively modest to deliver PCBs in-house. This choice ought to other than be favored in light of the fact that this endeavor will empower Stryker to hold more prominent authority over its creation forms. Having non being reliant on any outside beginnings for PCBs gracefully will rescue Stryker from in secret and undesirable losingss. The manufacturing units of PCBs can be balanced blending to the gross incomes and can be amazingly adaptable with the insource creation set up.

Iran-contra affair

Iran-contra affair Iran-contra affair, in U.S. history, secret arrangement in the 1980s to provide funds to the Nicaraguan contra rebels from profits gained by selling arms to Iran. The Iran-contra affair was the product of two separate initiatives during the administration of President Ronald Reagan . The first was a commitment to aid the contras who were conducting a guerrilla war against the Sandinista government of Nicaragua. The second was to placate moderates within the Iranian government in order to secure the release of American hostages held by pro-Iranian groups in Lebanon and to influence Iranian foreign policy in a pro-Western direction. Despite the strong opposition of the Reagan administration, the Democratic-controlled Congress enacted legislation, known as the Boland amendments, that prohibited the Defense Dept., the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), or any other government agency from providing military aid to the contras from Dec., 1983, to Sept., 1985. The Reagan administrati on circumvented these limitations by using the National Security Council (NSC), which was not explicitly covered by the law, to supervise covert military aid to the contras. Under Robert McFarlane (1983â€"85) and John Poindexter (1985â€"86) the NSC raised private and foreign funds for the contras. This operation was directed by NSC staffer Marine Lt. Col. Oliver North . McFarlane and North were also the central figures in the plan to secretly ship arms to Iran despite a U.S. trade and arms embargo. In early Nov., 1986, the scandal broke when reports in Lebanese newspapers forced the Reagan administration to disclose the arms deals. Poindexter resigned before the end of the month; North was fired. Select congressional committees held joint hearings, and in Dec., 1986, Lawrence E. Walsh was named as special prosecutor to investigate the affair. Higher administration officials, particularly Reagan, Vice President Bush , and William J. Casey (former director of the CIA, who died in May, 1987), were implicated in some testimony, but the extent of their involvement remained unclear. North said he believed Reagan was largely aware of the secret arrangement, and the independent prosecutor's report (1994) said that Reagan and Bush had some knowledge of the affair or its coverup. Reagan and Bush both claimed to have been uninformed about the details of the affair, and no evidence was found to link them to any crime. A presidential commission was critical of the NSC, while congressional hearings uncovered a web of official deception, mismanagement, and illegality. A number of criminal convictions resulted, including those of McFarlane, North, and Poindexter, but North's and Poindexter's were vacated on appeal because of immunity agreements with the Senate concerning their testimony. Former State Dept. and CIA officials pleaded guilty in 1991 to withholding information about the contra aid from Congress, and Caspar Weinberger, defense secretary under Reagan, was cha rged (1992) with the same offense. In 1992 then-president Bush pardoned Weinberger and other officials who had been indicted or convicted for withholding information on or obstructing investigation of the affair. The Iran-contra affair raised serious questions about the nature and scope of congressional oversight of foreign affairs and the limits of the executive branch. See B. Woodward, Veil (1987); T. Draper, A Very Thin Line (1991). The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th ed. Copyright © 2012, Columbia University Press. All rights reserved. See more Encyclopedia articles on: U.S. History

Essay on Employment Discrimination - 933 Words

Employment Discrimination laws seek to prevent discrimination based on race, sex, religion, national origin, physical disability, and age by employers. There is also a growing body of law preventing or occasionally justifying employment discrimination based on sexual orientation. Discriminatory practices include bias in hiring, promotion, job assignment, termination, compensation, and various types of harassment. The main body of employment discrimination laws is composed of federal and state statutes. The United States Constitution and some state constitutions provide additional protection where the employer is a governmental body or the government has taken significant steps to foster the discriminatory practice of the employer. The†¦show more content†¦The Equal Pay Act prohibits paying wages based on sex by employers and unions. It does not prohibit other discriminatory practices bias in hiring. It provides that where workers perform equal work in jobs requiring equal skill, effort, and responsibility and performed under similar working conditions, they should be provided equal pay. The Fair Labor Standards Act applies to employees engaged in some aspect of interstate commerce or all of an employers workers if the enterprise is engaged as a whole in a significant amount of interstate commerce. Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 prohibits discrimination in many more aspects of the employment relationship. It applies to most employers engaged in interstate commerce with more than 15 employees, labor organizations, and employment agencies. The Act prohibits discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex or national origin. Sex includes pregnancy, childbirth or related medical conditions. It makes it illegal for employers to discriminate in hiring, discharging, compensation, or terms, conditions, and privileges of employment. Employment agencies may not discriminate when hiring or referring applicants. Labor Organizations are also prohibited from basing membership or union classifications on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin. The Nineteenth Century Civil Rights Acts, amended in 1993, ensure all persons equal rights under the law and outline the damages available toShow MoreRelatedEmployment Discrimination And The Employment Essay2596 Words   |  11 Pagesimplications of employment discrimination and the correlation to employment inequality. The unemployment rate for women and minorities is significantly higher than that of the caucasian male majority. Women are faced with obstacles that men are not. Women have to overcome gender stereotypes, child care responsibilities, and sexual harassment as obstacles, Minorities face negative stereotypes and generalizations that make them less desirable to employers. Employment discrimination is responsible forRead MoreAppearance Discrimination in Employment22039 Words   |  89 PagesAppearance discrimination in employment: Legal and ethical implications of â€Å"lookism† and â€Å"lookphobia† [pic] http://www.emeraldinsight.com/journals.htm?issn=2040-7149volume=32issue=1articleid=17077304show=html Downloads: The fulltext of this document has been downloaded 1519 times since 2013 DOI (Permanent URL):  10.1108/02610151311305632 [pic]  Abstract [pic]  View PDF  (200kb) [pic]  Print View References †¢ References (67) Citations †¢ CrossRef (1) Further reading Read MoreDiscrimination in Employment Essay1803 Words   |  8 Pages Discrimination in Employment Equal Pay Act passed in 1970. This implemented the European principle of Equal pay contained in Treaty of Rome Article 119 (now 141) and sets out a broad definition of pay. 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The reason I felt these two topics were important is because they go hand in hand; you can be easily discriminated against while trying to find a job based on skin color, gender, etc. First, I will discuss the problem w ith discrimination and women in India. SecondlyRead MoreGender Discrimination And Equal Employment Essay1465 Words   |  6 PagesGender Discrimination and Equal Employment Introduction Discrimination has existed since the beginning of time. Often time people discriminate upon individuals unintentionally, because of certain stereotypes that have associated with race, gender, and religion. The First Amendment of the United States gives each individual the freedom of not only religion, but expression, and speech. Yet, despite the many historic and recent efforts gender discrimination and inequality is still a major issue inRead MoreEmployment Discrimination Within The Workplace1079 Words   |  5 PagesEmployment Discrimination in Indonesia As stated on wikipedia.org, discrimination is action that denies social participation or human rights to categories of people based on prejudice. This includes treatment of an individual or group based on their actual or perceived membership in a certain group or social category, in a way that is worse than the way people are usually treated. This could be done directly or indirectly. Direct discrimination could arise from punishments and indirect discriminationRead MoreFemale Employment And Gender Discrimination2044 Words   |  9 Pages What is female employment and what are the reasons of gender discrimination in China? II. Female employment and gender discrimination Today, employment discrimination in society everywhere. From age discrimination, education discrimination, gender discrimination, residence discrimination, physical discrimination, health discrimination, discrimination in marriage and childbearing, to dialect discrimination, blood type discrimination, wages, employment status and even under the career choices ofRead More Age Discrimination in Employment Essays1726 Words   |  7 Pagesissue of â€Å"ageism† was finally addressed in The Age Discrimination in Employment Act. Ageism can be defined as prejudiced beliefs, attitudes, and behaviors pertaining to older adults. To understand the ADEA fully, a brief history of age discrimination is useful to comprehend the Structural Level of this bill. Discrimination based on age was not a large issue until the beginning of the 20th century, mainly because it was a tacit form of discrimination. For the most part, people worked until they were

A Good Man Is Hard To Find, The Cask Of Amontillado And...

The three short stories, â€Å"A Good Man is Hard to Find†, â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado† and â€Å"The Devil† all revolve around the motifs of morality and extreme behavior. Each story commonly portrays how each character has a reason that drives and motivates their moral choices; however, the reasons differ between the three short stories. The short story, â€Å"A Good Man is Hard to Find†, demonstrates how the perception of â€Å"good† and â€Å"bad† is relative among individuals, which can lead to moral choices that would seem conflicting and morally-wrong to other individuals. The subjectivity between â€Å"goodness† and â€Å"badness† is as demonstrated through the contradicting and irreconcilable viewpoints and attitudes between the Misfit and Grandma. Although Grandma†¦show more content†¦Therefore, when Fortunato damages Montresor’s pride, he determines to seek revenge for his sense of reputation, so he doesn’t appear frail and inferior. Throughout the story, he has no sense of guilt, he can only think about killing Fortunato to redeem himself. Also, the wrongdoing of Fortunato was not addressed clearly and properly, which elicits doubt on the credibility of Montresor for the reader. Furthermore, Fortunato seems to be very carefree, which suggests that Fo rtunato is unaware of his wrongdoing and a biological mechanism such as insanity might be driving Montresor’s moral choices. The short story, â€Å"The Devil†, examines how the need and instinct of survival grow under tense circumstances, which becomes the primary priority and can override overturn our morals. One prime example is the farmer, Honore. All children live under a social expectation of serving and taking care of their parents when they grow up, however, this is not the case in this particular story. Farmers generally do not earn a lot of money, however, farming is his only source of income, therefore, he is obligated to farm, in order to support his family. He wouldn’t have enough money to support his mother any longer if he doesn’t collectShow MoreRelatedA Look into the Dark Side of Edgar Allan Poe1736 Words   |  7 Pagesthe way he live his life and died, many of his stories and poems were a mystery. Two of his most famous works â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado† and â€Å"The Raven† were dark and mysterious fictions with dark characters and mysterious plots . â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado† was a story about the dark act of satanic pursuit of revenge, unlike â€Å"The Raven†, which invited us into the soul of a grieving man. Both stories were essential and gave meaning to what Poe was going through during those years of his life. His wifeRead MoreA Look into the Dark Side of Edgar Allan Poe1762 Words   |  8 Pagesthe way he lived his life and died, many of his stories and poems were a mystery. Two of his most famous works â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado† and â€Å"The Raven† were dark and mysterious fictions with dark characters and mysterious plots. â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado† was a story about the dark act of satanic pursuit of revenge, unlike â€Å"The Raven† which invited us into the soul of a grieving man. Both stories were essential and gave meaning to what Poe was going through during those years of his life. His wifeRead More Analyses of Short Stories Essay examples4756 Words   |  20 PagesAnalyses of Short Stories Nathaniel Hawthorne, â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† Goodman Brown was not asleep in this short story. As I read, I believed that Goodman did indeed meet the devil in the forest. If he had indeed dreamt about the trip he was sent on and meeting the devil, I think his nervousness would have been described in more detail then it was. Concentrating more on the anxiety he was feeling would have led the reader to believe that the events were not real. I also saw this storyRead MoreANALIZ TEXT INTERPRETATION AND ANALYSIS28843 Words   |  116 Pagesresolved is one within the protagonist’s psyche or personality. External conflict may reflect a basic opposition between man and nature (such as in Jack London’s famous short story â€Å"To Build a Fire† or Ernest Hemingway’s â€Å"The Old Man and the Sea†) or between man and society (as in Richard Wright’s â€Å"The Man Who Was Almost a Man†). It may also take the form of an opposition between man and man (between the protagonist and a human adversary, the antagonist), as, for example, in most detective fiction. Internal

Factors Affecting Customer Loyalty on Banking Service Free Essays

string(39) " appeared in the marketing literature\." Factors Affecting Customer Loyalty on Banking Service: A case of Hong Kong Shanghai Bank Commercial in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam †¢ Dec 22, 2011 †¢ 0 †¢ 263 [pic] [pic][pic]FACTORS AFFECTING CUSTOMER LOYALTY ON BANKING SERVICE: A CASE OF HONG KONG SHANGHAI BANK COMMERCIAL IN HO MINH CHI CITY, VIETNAM Related Articles Luxury Travel Vietnam’s Tour Featured in Indonesia Travel Magazine Corporate globalization and human rights abuses in the sweatshops of pakistan, indonesia and vietnam M1 Carbine Communications In Iran Bui Thanh Phong Graduate School of Business, Assumption University ABTRACT This study examines the relationship between selected factors (brand image, friendship, perceived service satisfaction, perceived core service quality, social regard and social comfort) and customer loyalty of HSBC in Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam. The researcher surveyed on 400 respondents who had experience to use HSBC banking services. The sampling procedure used judgment sampling and convenience sampling. We will write a custom essay sample on Factors Affecting Customer Loyalty on Banking Service or any similar topic only for you Order Now The researcher used the Pearson Correlation analysis tool on this research. Descriptive statistic was used to provide the mean and percentage of demographic characteristic and other variables of study. Result indicated that brand image, friendship and perceived service satisfaction does play a mediating role in the effect of customer loyalty in banking service. The effects of a number of demographic indicators on customer loyalty are also reported. INTRODUCTION Loyalty factor is considered as key value of marketing strategy in the banking service and others (Kotler, 2004). It also helps bank to gain the profit and reduce marketing cost. In previous times, many banking services are aware of understand brand image, service quality and customer satisfaction which are accepted as a key determinant of customer loyalty (Payne, 1993). The customers are hard to attract and difficult to retain because it is not relatively easy for customers to switch their traditional service providers (Philip, 2002). Loyalty factors are an organization’s most reliable success indicator (Zeithaml and Bitner, 1996). Also, this increased customer loyalty can help lower marketing costs, solicit more customers, and effectively operate trading leverages (Aaker, 1997). Additionally, the loyalty customers become an advocate concept for the service can be defined: providing positive word-of-mouth, recommendation the service to other, encouraging others to use service and defending the service provider and generate higher corporate profits (Reichheld et al. 2000). As the market becomes more competitive advantage, many companies recognized the importance of retaining current customers and have some initiated variety of activities to improve customer loyalty (Rosalind and Audrey, 2007). Faced with this situation, some service providers have considered to the quality standards in their business such as ISO 9001. Actually, the service providers can get the big profit from those standards and loyalty customers. Any service industries are banking, restaurant, hotel, beauty†¦ the service encounter satisfaction is really considered as a core value to affect and maintain the loyalty customers. 1. To study of the significant relationship between friendship and customer loyalty. 2. To test the relationship between brand image and customer loyalty. 3. To find out the significant relationship between service encounter satisfaction and customer loyalty. 4. To establish an understanding of the significant relationship between perceived core service and service counter satisfaction. 5. To analyze the significant relationship between social regard and perceived core service. 6. To determine the significant relationship between social comfort and perceived core service. RESEARCH OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study is to develop and implement a method for banking service to identify attributes that will increase customer loyalty. The researcher will determine dependent/ independent variables whether or there are relationship between the factors below. The researcher would try to explain why customers have loyalty with HSBC bank. This is six objectives the researcher would try to study the relationship between the factors effect to customer loyalty. LITERATURE REVIEW Customer Loyalty Customer Loyalty is a customer who will repurchase from the same service provider whenever possible, and who continue to recommend or maintains a positive attitude towards the service provider. The loyal customers are less likely to switch because of price and they make more purchases than similar non-loyal customers (Reichheld and Sasser, 1990). Loyalty customers will also help to promote and share knowledge with their friends about the service provider. They will provide strong word-of-mouth, create business referrals, provide references and serve on advisory boards. The loyal customers are served as a â€Å"fantastic marketing force† by providing recommendations and spreading positive word-of-mouth, those partnership-like activities are the most available advertising that the company can get (Raman, 1999). Loyal customers increase sale volume by purchasing a wider variety of the products and by making more frequent purchases. The loyal customers had more purchasing services than non-loyal customers (Bowen and Shoemaker, 1998). And other researchers have theorized that service encounter satisfaction, customer loyalty and profitability are related (Zeithaml et al. 1996). Service Encounter Satisfaction Traditional way described the service encounter satisfaction as the interaction occurs between customer-contact employees and the customers and it has been frequently discussed in the marketing literature (Bitner et al. 1990). Also, the service encounter is â€Å"the dyadic interaction between a customer and service provider† (Surprenant  Ã‚   and Solomon, 1987). It has also been modeled to impact long-term customer relationships as well as overall satisfaction. Service Encounter Satisfaction is distinguished from overall satisfaction and it has been defined as dis/satisfaction wit h a service encounter (Bitner and Hbbert, 1994). Additionally, customer relationships are built and destroyed which based on service encounter in a time and any service providers can be critical to the service outcome (Stern et al. 998). It is the degree of overall pleasure or contentment felt by the customers, the results from ability of the service fulfilled the customer’s desires, expectations and customer’s needs in relation to the service (Philip, 2002). Service performance takes place in what has been termed the service encounter; the time frame during which consumers directly interact with service providers (Czepiel et al. 1985). All element of an encounter activities such as: the facility, waiting times, and service personnel are considered service encounter Brand Image Various definitions of a brand appeared in the marketing literature. You read "Factors Affecting Customer Loyalty on Banking Service" in category "Papers" The brand as â€Å"a name, term, sign, symbol or design or combination of them, which is intended to identify the goods of one seller or group of sellers and to differentiate them from those of competitors† (Kotler, 2004). The new business start, the marketer designs business card, company website, name, logo†¦ to send a clear message of company to their stakeholders and customers that is a merger and equal. According to Lafley (2009) interpreted that â€Å"We continue to invest in our core strengths. Firstly, we don’t skimp on understanding the customer. Second is innovation. Thirdly is Brand Image†¦ We’re delivering more messages to our customers. † In order to be successful, images and symbols must relate to, and indeed, exploit, the needs, values and life-styles of consumers in such a way that the meanings involved give added values, and differentiate from this brand to other brands (Broadbent and Cooper, 1987). From this statement, the researcher can recognize the important of brand image and brand identity to affect with service providers and organizations. The customer loyalty is often viewed as resulting from brand knowledge, followed brand image that PR also raise consumer loyalty trough the above strategies (Keller, 1999). In addition, the self-congruence theory states that the ways consumers evaluate products to match with their self-image (Belk, 1988 and Sirgy, 1982). Higher congruence between self-image and product image would influence consumer attitudes or behavior regarding brand preference, brand attitude, product purchase decisions, customer satisfaction, and repurchase intention (Graeff, 1996 and Sirgy, 1985). Friendship The customer’s perceptions of social closeness are service employee as evidence of the degree of familiarity, self- disclosure and rapport (Gremler, 1995). Loyalty can be increased throughout personal friendship (Kokko and Moilanen, 1997). Two relational outcomes are considered to associate with friendship to be comfort and respect (Argyle, 1992). At currently, friends can be distinguished such as: online friends, offline friends, old high school friends, workmates, organization, family and people met at parties. The modern conceptualization of friendship – as essentially personal, private, voluntary, un-specialized, informal, and non-contractual – echoes our culture’s â€Å"great emphasis on relationships in the intimate sphere, especially love relationships† (Taylor, 1991). There is a relationship between friendship and organization. The most important for this foundation is acknowledged utility as the basis for one type of friendship, fundamental in some respects, but the traditional way has the most limited or underdeveloped Received Core Service Quality Perceived core service quality is quality products or services which are provided by the company. it offers to exceed the customer expectations. In recent study, service quality is considered from the view point of the customer who is estimated of the service â€Å"external customer† and the efforts have focused on identifying of â€Å"external service encounter† factors, the customers will consider in evaluating the quality of service providers. Customer satisfaction is also important element of marketing strategies. Zeithaml (1998) defined that the perceived service quality is measured by customer awareness and the consumers assess of the overall excellent products or services. Zahorik and Rust (1992) found that the modeling of perceived quality directly influences to customer loyalty and provides more diagnostic abilities. Furthermore, the perceived service quality is the best model to impact customer retention and behavior intentions (Hennig and Klee, 1997). The subject of service quality has been studied and debated over the past two decades. The importance of management’s ability is understand how service quality and appropriately measurement, the subsequent actions make improvements and increase value to customer expectations (Asubonteng et al. 1996). Looking through a financial perspective, the success of activities carried out by sports organizations is closely associated with the quality of services offered to customers  Ã‚   and  Ã‚   making sure customers get highest level of satisfaction from such services (Kotler, 2004). In terms of effective management it is the great importance to understand what the customer thinks about service quality offered by the organization (Rust and Oliver, 2000). Social Regard Social regard defined as making the customers feel important and took an interesting and respecting to the customer (Barnes, 1997). Additionally, some empirical evidence indicated that actions closely related to social regard which increases the relationship strength (Barnes, 1997). When the customers perceived that the employees take care of them, or respect them the relationship strength increases. The social constructivist therapeutic orientations focus on the way in which people and society created (rather than discover) constructions of reality (Roberts et al. 2003). Previous study has been especially focused on analyzing the effects of customer-oriented behaviors, the social aspects of the interaction between the service provider and the customers have been somewhat neglected (Kelley and Hoffman, 1997). Social regard has been defined as the â€Å"genuine respect, deference, and interest shown to the customer by the service provider, such that the customer feels valued or important in the social interaction† (Butcher et al. , 2001). Social regard is considered to special elements for services and industry because they have high level of customer contact, and this concept will remains relatively untapped by researcher. Social Comfort Social comfort is defined as the customer’s feeling of anxiety or relaxation arising from the social interaction with an individual service employee. The customers feel much comfortable to be one example of a satisfactory service experience (Argyle, 1992). If the salesperson clicked with the customer at the initial contact, then this was the prompt to consider establishing a relationship (Beatty et al, 1996). Customer rapport was found to be associated with overall satisfaction, repurchase intentions and word-of-mouth (Gwinner, 1998). It is thus expected that the conceptualization of social comfort may have either a direct or indirect path to loyalty. Figure 1: Conceptual framework Friendship Service Encounter Satisfaction Perceived Core Service   Quality Social Regard Customer Loyalty Brand Image Social comfort H1 H2 H5  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   H3 H4 H6 From this conceptual framework, there are 6 independent variables, which are friendship, brand image, service encounter satisfaction, perceived core service quality, social regard and social comfort. The dependent variable is customer loyalty. The researcher finds out that 6 independent variables effect on dependent variable (customer loyalty). Overall, the relationship between dependent and 6 independent variables are developed to adapt the objective of this study. Therefore this study hypothesized six statements in investigating their relationship as follows: H1: There is significant relationship between Friendship and Customer Loyalty. H2: There is significant relationship between Brand Image and Customer Loyalty. H3: There is significant relationship between Service Encounter Satisfaction and Customer Loyalty. H4: There is significant relationship between Perceived Core Service Quality and Service Encounter Satisfaction. H5: There is significant relationship between Social Regard and Perceived Core Service Quality. H6: There is significant relationship between Social Comfort and Perceived Core Service Quality. METHODOLOGY The proposed descriptive research was applied to this study as its aim is to describe be the characteristics of a population or phenomenon (Zikmund, 2003). It also seeks to determine the answer to who, what, when, where, and how questions. Secondary data is taken from any source such as: business journal, internet, marketing book, newspaper†¦Primary data was collected by distributing questionnaires to customers of the electrical company who were selected by convenience sampling. Data Collection The target group of this study is both female and male customers who lived and had an experienced service of the HSBC in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. The researcher will collect the data from all 8 branches of HSBC on 5 districts: District 1, District 7, District 11, Phu Nhuan District and Tan Binh District. The customers of HSBC who will be chosen for the study are willing to cooperate by responding to the questionnaire for this study. The sample size was 400 respondents. Five-point Likert scales were applied for the dependent and independent variables part. In the first part is screening question, two questions are asked to choose correct respondents. The second part was dependent variable to measure perception of customer loyalty of HSBC in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. The third part, brand image, friendship, service encounter satisfaction, received core service quality, social comfort and social regard were designed for measuring. The final part is demographic factors question such as: age, gender, education level and nationality. FINDINGS The table indicates majority of all respondents were male with 63%, nationality is Vietnamese (95. %) and most of respondent has age from 18-30 years old. For the income monthly is about 5,000,000vnd – 10,000,000vnd to be about 28. 3%. And education level highest percentage is under-graduate degree with 50. 9%. The first hypothesis, which predict that friendship would be low positive correlation relationship to customer loyalty, was supported (r = . 322, plt; . 001). Support was found for the s econd hypothesis, which predicted that there was a low positive correlation relationship between brand image and customer loyalty (r = 260, plt; . 001). The third hypothesis predicted that he service encounter satisfaction would be low positive correlation relationship to customer loyalty (r = . 319, plt; . 001). In addition, the fourth hypothesis, there would be low positive correlation relationship between received core service quality and service encounter satisfaction (r = . 350, p lt; . 001). Moreover, the fifth hypothesis predicted that, there would be low positive correlation relationship between social regard and received core service quality (r = 0. 207, plt; . 001). Finally, a low positive correlation relationship was found between social comfort and received core service quality (r = 157, plt; . 01). In conclusion, all the hypothesis of this study was supported which found the low positive correlation relationship between variable. [pic][pic]DISCUSSION The result of hypot hesis one showed that the friendship has positive significant effects on customer loyalty, as the null hypothesis was rejected. Based on this finding, it indicated that a friendship effected customer loyalty toward HSBC in Ho Chi Minh City. The result of the hypothesis was supported that the personal friendship between customer and individual service employee has been modelled to influence customer loyalty (Bove and Johnson, 2000). Also, the loyalty can be increased through personal friendship (Price and Arnould, 1999). The client employee friendship was positive correlation with customer loyalty (Kokko and Moilanen, 1997). From the result of this hypothesis testing, the researcher also found positive significant relationship between friendship and customer loyalty. This result leads to prove that higher loyalty increase or create friendship between HSBC and its customers. The result of hypothesis two showed that the brand image has significant effects on customer loyalty, as the null hypothesis was rejected. Based on this finding, it is proven that the brand image effected customer loyalty toward HSBC in Ho Chi Minh City. According to Keller’s (1993) study, the researcher found similar result in his study. He found that the customer loyalty is often viewed as resulting from brand knowledge. In this study, the researcher found that there is positive significant relationship between brand image and customer loyalty. Customer Loyalty can be increased by brand image and brand image can promote the services or products of banking which may lead to believe or create trust toward HSBC. Based on the result of hypothesis three, the â€Å"service encounter satisfaction† has significant effects on customer loyalty, as the null hypothesis was rejected. According to this finding, it can be interpreted that the service encounter satisfaction effected customer loyalty toward HSBC in Ho Chi Minh City. Therefore, service encounter satisfaction is a key measuring factor for customer loyalty which may be a useful measuring method to predict customer concept of products and services in every industry. It was also supported by Brown’s (1996) who concluded that the service encounter satisfaction has also been modelled to impact long-term customer relationship, as well as overall satisfaction. Jason (2005) also found the relationship between customer satisfaction and loyalty. Meanwhile, the result of hypothesis testing for hypothesis three also showed that the correlation between those two variables is positive. The perceived quality is very important to customer satisfaction. In this study, the research also indicated that perceived quality directly impacts on customer loyalty (Phillip, 2002). Satisfaction of the customer leads to the customer to re-use the bank service in the future. Consequently, after repeated use of more than 3 times, the loyalty of customer is well established in customers mind. On banking service or other service, satisfaction is considered as the main litmus test to improve customer loyalty. The result of hypothesis four showed the â€Å"perceived core service quality† has significant effect on service encounter satisfaction, as the null hypothesis was rejected. Based on this finding, it is clear that the â€Å"perceived core service quality† effected service encounter satisfaction toward HSBC in Ho Chi Minh City. This research empirically examined the role between perceived core service quality and service encounter satisfaction. This study tested the relationship between perceived core service quality and service encounter satisfaction as a concept and found the relationship, as well as data from a sample survey of 400 banking retail customers in their evaluation of their banking experiences to address this issue. Additionally, the perceived service quality and customer orientation are directly influenced to service satisfaction, the service encounter satisfaction (Cronin and Brady, 2000). Based on the result of hypothesis five, the â€Å"social regard† has significant effects on perceived core service quality, since the null hypothesis was rejected. Consequently, it indicated that the social regard effects perceived core service quality toward HSBC in Ho Chi Minh City, which was similar to the research result of Butcher et al. (2001). He indicated the importance of social regard effects in the service encounter in making the customers feels valued or important in the social interaction. According to the result of hypothesis six, the â€Å"social comfort† has significant effects on perceived core service quality, because the null hypothesis was rejected. Based on this finding, it has been proved that the social comfort effects perceived core service quality toward HSBC in Ho Chi Minh City. The specific relationship between friendship, social regard, social comfort, value for money, service encounter satisfaction perceived core service quality and customer loyalty were established in banking service (Butcher et al. 2001). The social comfort can lead the service quality in long-term process, the social comfort directly influences the perceived core service quality and ensure customer satisfaction (Pavlou, 2003). CONCLUSIONS Based on the research objective, the researcher studied the factors that may affect customer loyalty in case of HSBC in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. It showed that there are low positive correlation relationship between dependent variables (customer loyalty) and independent variables of: brand image, friendship, service encounter satisfaction, perceived core service quality, social regard, social comfort. Data were collected from a total of 400 respondents who have had experience of using HSBC service. From the result of demographic factors on gender, age, education level, income, the researcher discovered that the majority of HSBC customers are male, Vietnamese, aged between 18 and 30 years old, with under-graduate education level, who have monthly income between 5,000,000vnd-10,000,000vnd. For hypothesis testing, the data were analyzed by using SPSS (statistical package of social science) to test six hypothesis. The researcher used Pearson Correlation analysis to investigate the relationship between independent variables and dependent variable. The results of the hypothesis testing showed that null hypotheses one, two, three, four, five and six were rejected signaling that there were a positive significant relationship between dependent variable and independent variables. Table 1: Demographic Profile of Respondents _____________________________________________________________________________ N  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Percentages (%) Gender:                                                   Male                                                254  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  63. 5 Female  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  146  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   36. 5 Age:  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  18 or less                              13  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   3. 3 18-30  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   225  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   56. 3 31-40  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   153  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   38. 3 41-60  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     9  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   2. 3 Income in vnd: ,000,000 or less                         54  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   13. 5 5,000, 000 – 10,000,000                114  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   28. 5 10,000,000 – 15,000,000  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   63  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   15. 8 15,000,000 – 20,000,000  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   56  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   14. 0 More than 20,000,000  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   113  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   28. 2 Education Level: High school graduate or less       98  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   24. 5 Undergraduate Degree  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   205  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   51. 2 Graduate degree  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   83  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   20. Doctor’s Degree                                     14  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   3. 5 RECOMMENDATIONS In contrast to the loyalty that the customers do not complain when satisfied with the products and services compared to their wishes, customer loyalty is seen as an asset of the banking business that the marketer needs to create satisfied customers to enhance customer loyalty in their businesses. The HSBC management teams must understand that in order to achieve success and generate growth in business, they have to invest and trade based on needs and wants of customer as the main goal. Research on customer loyalty could be great of help to the bank to reach and resolve their marketing issue. Thereby, HSBC could have concrete results of the evaluation by customers comment on their product or service so that they could supply and serve to people in Ho Chi Minh City. Friendship can be impressive on customers to make them feel very comfortable, because it make them feel relaxed and familiar in more ways than customers expected. It suggested that the management team may train their employees to special training service program where they will learn to practice friendly dealing with the customers. The customer service department of HSBC to improve the service encounter, the management team should train their employees and let them understand the important of customer loyalty and its advantage to the bank. The HSBC management teams may improve their service quality in order to improve customer satisfaction. The managers may train their employees on how to respond or answer customer questions and know how to treat customers REFERENCE Aaker, J. L. (1997). Dimensions of brand personality. Journal of Marketing Research, 34(3), 347-357. Argyle, M. (1992). Social relationship, in Hewstone, M. , Stroebe, W. Codol, J. P. and Stephenson G. M (Eds). 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B. , Thompson, C. J. , Arnould, E. J. (1998). Narrative analysis of a marketing relationship: the consumer’s perspective. Psychology and Marketing, 15(3), 195-214. Surprenant, C. F. , Solomon, M. R. (1987). Predictability and personalization in the service encounter. Journal of Marketing, 51, April, 86-96. Taylor, C. (1991). The Ethics of Authenticity, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA. Zahorik, A. J. , Rust, R. T. (1992). Modeling the impact of service quality on profitability. Advances in Service Marketing and Management, 1, JAI Press, Greenwich, CT, 247-276. Zeithaml, V. A. (1998). Consumer Perceptions of price, quality, and value: a means-end model and synthesis of evidence. Journal of Marketing, 52(3), 2-22. Zeithaml, V. A. , Bitner, M. J. (1996). Service Marketing, McGraw-Hill, New York, NY. Zinmund, W. G. (2003). Business research method, 7th Edition, New York: The Drylen Press. About the Author: Bui Thanh Phong obtained his MBA from the Graduate School of Business, Assumption University. Email: Apolo8709@gmail. com or Ericbuiphong@gmail. com. [pic]About the Author †¢ More Sharing ServicesShare †¢ Subscribe to RSS †¢ Contact Author [pic] Bui Thanh Phong About the Author: Bui Thanh Phong obtained his MBA from the Graduate School of Business, Assumption University. Email:  Apolo8709@gmail. com  or Ericbuiphong@gmail. com. How to cite Factors Affecting Customer Loyalty on Banking Service, Papers

William Shakespeare, a terrific and an outstanding author Essay Example For Students

William Shakespeare, a terrific and an outstanding author Essay William Shakespeare, a terrific and an outstanding author who has written over hundreds of magnificent sonnets, plays and poems. From the selection of plays written by a Shakespeare a unique, dramatic and spectacular play is, Romeo and Juliet. Romeo and Juliet a well written novel which is built on the foundation of love, hatred and revenge. Shakespeare has used many techniques to grab the audiences attention like suspense, dramatic irony and stage craft. Stage craft is the skill that goes into writing a play so that its fantastic when performed by actors on stage. Involved in this astonishing play is Friar Lawrence; at this moment you would be wondering what is a Friar? Well a Friar is a Franciscan Monk, a man who is a member of certain Roman Catholic religious orders, who vowed to live a life of poverty. After explaining what is a Friar, a question is left unanswered, What was the role and importance of Friar Lawrence in Romeo and Juliet? First of all, the time when we first meet Friar Lawrence we can identify his personality, when it says, We sucking on her natural bosom find, Many for many virtues excellent, None but for some and yet all different. O, mickle is the powerful grace that lies In herbs, plants, stones and their true qualities. From his speech we learn that the Friar wonders how brilliant nature is as different plants have different unique properties. Some plants can either kill you or heal you. We get to know how highly interested he is in nature which lead him to become an herbalist. However, a Friar who was an herbalist was needed to fit into the play, as it was Friar Lawrence who gave Juliet a vial of a potion that would make Juliet to look like as if shes dead. If the Friar was not an herbalist then neither would he give Juliet the potion, therefore it is important that the Friar was an herbalist. I think that the Friar shouldnt have carried out such a dangerous plan because there a slim chance that it was going to be successful. Also the Friars duty was a confessor as he was trustworthy and Man of God. An example of this would be when Romeo use to tell him his secrets, like it says, Then plainly know my hearts dear love is set. On the fair daughter of rich Capulet. As mine on hers, so hers is set on mine. In the play Romeo took Friar Lawrence as his father as he was faithful. Romeo s responsibility was Friar Lawrence, he always thought good for Romeo so you cannot really blame him for carrying out such a dangerous plan as it was the only hope in reuniting the Romeo and Juliet. Also in Shakespeares times parents were not really attached that much to their children, it was a tradition to keep a wet nurse took look after the child but the children were predestined by their parents judgement for their future, therefore that is the reason why Romeo took the Friar as his father and Juliet took the nurse as her mother. Furthermore, the Friar was very religious as he was the man of God. If the Friar was not religious he would have not agreed to the gruelling decision of Romeo and Juliets marriage because Friar was a religious man he had a good intention, like it says, For this alliance may so happy prove, To turn your households rancour to pure love. Friar Lawrence thought that the marriage might turn the Capulets and Montagues hate into love, as in those days hatred over a small thing would turn into a huge rage of abhorrence which would last for years and years. If the Friar was not a religious man he would neither have a good intention in the marriage nor would he have able to marry the two lovers. But I think that the Friar married the couple immorally as he married them behind their parents back, he broke their trust because the Friars duty was to prevent from doing bad. .u6a45d24c0321d77068088d2cce9b1765 , .u6a45d24c0321d77068088d2cce9b1765 .postImageUrl , .u6a45d24c0321d77068088d2cce9b1765 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u6a45d24c0321d77068088d2cce9b1765 , .u6a45d24c0321d77068088d2cce9b1765:hover , .u6a45d24c0321d77068088d2cce9b1765:visited , .u6a45d24c0321d77068088d2cce9b1765:active { border:0!important; } .u6a45d24c0321d77068088d2cce9b1765 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u6a45d24c0321d77068088d2cce9b1765 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u6a45d24c0321d77068088d2cce9b1765:active , .u6a45d24c0321d77068088d2cce9b1765:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u6a45d24c0321d77068088d2cce9b1765 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u6a45d24c0321d77068088d2cce9b1765 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u6a45d24c0321d77068088d2cce9b1765 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u6a45d24c0321d77068088d2cce9b1765 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u6a45d24c0321d77068088d2cce9b1765:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u6a45d24c0321d77068088d2cce9b1765 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u6a45d24c0321d77068088d2cce9b1765 .u6a45d24c0321d77068088d2cce9b1765-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u6a45d24c0321d77068088d2cce9b1765:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Scared monologue - Anne Of Green Gables EssayIn addition, because the Friar was a confessor and the man of God he confessed in the end, like it says, I will be brief, for my short date of breath Is not so long as is a tedious tale. And Be sacrificed, some honour before time, Unto the rigour of severest law. At the end of the play the Friar confessed to the Prince at the end of the play to clear up all the confusions though he knew he would be punished he neither ran away or lied to save himself. Because the Friar was truthful he told the truth, therefore it was important that a Friar was involved in the play. Moreover, the Friar had unique characteristics of being calm, like it says, In what vile part of this anatomy Doth my name lodge? Tell me, that I may sack The hateful mansion. And If the wisdom thou canst give no help, Do thou but call my resolution wise, And with this knife Ill help it presently. In the play both Romeo and Juliet tried to commit suicide but the Friar always use to stop them from doing such a treacherous crime. Friar Lawrence always trys to calm down situations like when Juliet died he tried to calm down everyone so that the funeral could take place. I feel that it was important that the Friar was a calm person because he would not have been able to prevent Romeo and Juliet from committing suicide. Besides that, in those days religion was important in society thus the Friar had a lot of influence, as it says For then thou canst not pass to Mantua, Where thou shalt live, till we can find a time To blaze you marriage, reconcile your friends. And In the mean time, against thou shalt awake, Shall Romeo by my letters know our drift, And hither shall he come, and he and I Will watch thy waking, and that every night Shall Romeo bear thee hence to Mantua. And this shall free thee from this present shame. Friar Lawrence had great extant of power in the society as he had many connections he was able to sent Romeo to Mantua and sent a messenger to him. Because the Friar had power of trust over the people no one could have ever suspected him in the involvement of Romeo and Juliets marriage therefore only the Friar could have carried out the duty of the marriage. However, it wasnt his duty to take fate in his hands. He carried out such a dangerous plan to reunite the couple which was not successful. I think the Friar should be blamed for carrying out such a hazardous plan, as it says, These violent delights have violent ends. Even though the Friar hoped that the marriage would end the feud permanently through out the play he says a lot of things that makes it sound like as he knows things will end up going wrong. Just because the Friar was the Man of God he thought to take Fate into his own hands, though in the end fate slipped from his hands, as it says, Suspecting that we both were in a house Where infectious pestilence did reign, Sealed up the doors, and would not let us forth, So that my speed to Mantua there was stayed. Friar John was not able to give the message to Romeo because of an infectious disease which out broken. It was an Unhappy fortune Friar. Due to the Friars carelessness the two lover birds were not able to spend their precious life together. To sum up, Friar Lawrence was a Franciscan Monk (Well a Friar is a Franciscan Monk, a man who is a member of certain Roman Catholic religious orders, who vowed to live a life of poverty). .ua240fb6c728690e79bc63ff84280f8ef , .ua240fb6c728690e79bc63ff84280f8ef .postImageUrl , .ua240fb6c728690e79bc63ff84280f8ef .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ua240fb6c728690e79bc63ff84280f8ef , .ua240fb6c728690e79bc63ff84280f8ef:hover , .ua240fb6c728690e79bc63ff84280f8ef:visited , .ua240fb6c728690e79bc63ff84280f8ef:active { border:0!important; } .ua240fb6c728690e79bc63ff84280f8ef .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ua240fb6c728690e79bc63ff84280f8ef { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ua240fb6c728690e79bc63ff84280f8ef:active , .ua240fb6c728690e79bc63ff84280f8ef:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ua240fb6c728690e79bc63ff84280f8ef .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ua240fb6c728690e79bc63ff84280f8ef .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ua240fb6c728690e79bc63ff84280f8ef .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ua240fb6c728690e79bc63ff84280f8ef .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ua240fb6c728690e79bc63ff84280f8ef:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ua240fb6c728690e79bc63ff84280f8ef .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ua240fb6c728690e79bc63ff84280f8ef .ua240fb6c728690e79bc63ff84280f8ef-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ua240fb6c728690e79bc63ff84280f8ef:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Romeo and Juliet: What is the dramatic significance of Act 3, Scene 1? EssayIn addition, Friar Lawrence had played a great role in the play as he was a confessor, adviser, priest, herbalist and Man of God. First of all, the first time when Friar Lawrence is presented to us we learn a lot from his speech about his personality, we discover that he is highly interested in nature and he was an herbalist. This was very vital for the play because if the Friar was not an herbalist then neither would he have given the potion to Juliet to fake her death. Friar Lawrence as a confessor was really important for the play because Romeo use tell him his secrets as he took the Friar as his father because in those days parent were not attached that close to their children, it was a tradition to employ a wet nurse to look after the child. If the Friar was not a confessor he would have not known Romeo secrets and also he wouldnt have confessed at the end of the play as he was a religious man. Due to, the Friar being man of God he would not have a good intention in marrying Romeo and Juliet. But besides that, I think that he married them immorally as their own parents were not aware of their marriage, he broke the trust of the society on him as in those days religion was very important for the society. On the other hand, if the Friar did not marry Romeo and Juliet they would have most probably committed suicide. Since, religion was extremely important the Friar had a lot of influence, he had known to be very trustworthy which thus he had a lot of power. Because of this no one could have ever suspected the Friar in the involvement of Romeo and Juliets marriage. Because he had power, he had many connections which made him able to send Romeo to Mantua and send a messenger to him. As I have mentioned above the role and importance of Friar Lawrence, I think that only the Friar was capable in marrying Romeo and Juliet because all his characteristics fitted in the play.

A Mir Kiss free essay sample

How to Order Textbook/Materials All books and materials, unless otherwise noted, should be purchased from the Ivy Tech online bookstore. To order the texts required for this class or any other course, go to Students can order all books and materials for all courses from this site regardless of whether it is an online or on-campus course. In the future, it is advised that students order textbooks and materials before the Start Of the semester. Students should use a copy Of their course schedule to accurately order books and materials.Schedules can print a copy of their course schedule from Campus Connect at http://c. Watch. Du. Students who live in Indiana and surrounding states will normally receive their book order within one day from the time the book is shipped from the warehouse. Paying for overnight shipping on textbook orders from the bookstore is normally not a good use of money as it does not ensure overnight processing of the order -? it only ensures that once the book order has been processed, it will be shipped out overnight. We will write a custom essay sample on A Mir Kiss or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Technology Needs Resources Because this is a web-based course, it is expected that all students who enroll in the course have Internet access and a basic understanding of computer SE (e. G. , using e-mail, sending attachments via e-mail, using web browsers, using word processing software such as Microsoft Word). Also, it is expected that all students will regularly check their Ivy Tech e-mail accounts (located in Campus Connect) and/or Blackboard messages as indicated below. Within 48 hours is recommended. This is the PRIMARY method that the college will utilize to contact students.Visit the Distance Learning Web site at: 3]. C- for more information related to technology requirements for online courses. Check with the nearest campus bookstore for educational pricing if additional footwear is required for this course. COLLEGE POLICIES Academic Honesty Statement The College is committed to academic integrity in all its practices. The faculty value intellectual integrity and a high standard of academic conduct. Activities that violate academic integrity undermine the quality and diminish the value of educational achievement.Cheating on papers, tests, or other academic works is a violation of College rules. No student shall engage in behavior that, in the judgment of the instructor of the class, may be construed as cheating. 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If students need an accommodation because of a documented disability, please contact the Office of Disability Us port Services.COURSE POLICIES PROCEDURES Due Dates Deadlines The Syllabus and Course Calendar are 2 important tools to help students understand the course, student and instructor expectations, and deadlines. Both documents can be found under the Start Here button in the course thin Blackboard. Students are required to submit work on time for a chance to receive credit. Deadlines for each week/assignment are summarized o n the course calendar. Students should check the calendar frequently for deadlines and to be aware of what to expect next. Deadlines are subject to change.Students are responsible for timely assignment submission. Should a computer system or network go down, students must still turn in work in a timely manner. Dont wait until the last minute. Plan ahead by seeking alternative means for submitting work before needed. Local libraries and all Ivy Tech Community College campuses can serve as alternative resources. Contact the closest/most convenient campus or other public lab for schedules and Internet availability. Not having access to the required software on a home or work computer is not a legitimate excuse for turning in homework late.Attendance Policy -? Dont Get Dropped from Class! While it is important to be timely and on-schedule throughout any course, students need to be aware of an important college policy. Ivy Tech performs administrative drops for students who do not attend class early in the semester. Attendance in an online course is determined by whether a student has submitted work or not. Assignments may actually be due on another day (see course calendar), but students need to turn in something worth points before the NEWS deadline in order to avoid being dropped for non- attendance.To avoid being dropped for non-attendance, students must submit some assignment from the course calendar no later than 1 1 :59 p. M. Friday, March 22, EST. Am I Required to Come to a Campus for this Class? No, students do not have to come to campus for this course. There are no activities, labs, or assessments that require students to come to campus. Instructional Method This is an online distance-learning course. Each weeks assignments and readings are summarized on the Course Calendar, accessed from the Start Here button in Blackboard.It takes a great deal of discipline, self-motivation and effective time management skills to successfully complete an online course. Many students find it helpful to set aside specific times each week to work on course assignments. Grades All grades will be maintained in Blackboards online grade book. Students are responsible to track their progress by referring to the online grade book. Make-Up Policy Late work (tests, case study reviews, discussion board postings, group discussions, marketing project sections, etc. Will not be accepted, except for the following circumstances. If you have a SERIOUS problem that can be documented/verified and that keeps you from submitting class work on time, please contact your Instructor immediately. The Instructor will determine if the seriousness of your problem warrants an exception to the late assignment rule. Late assignments will be assigned a grade of O unless you have received prior approval from the Instructor. There are no make-ups for NY class discussion boards. If you have planned events (vacation, wedding, birth of a child, surgery, etc. , you can work ahead on assignments with prior approval of the professor. In all cases, communication with the professor in advance is required. You are responsible for timely assignment submission. Should your personal computer system or network go down, you must still turn in your work in a timely manner. Dont wait until the last minute; plan ahead by seeking alternative means for submitting your work before you need to. Local libraries and all Ivy Tech Community College campuses can serve as alternative resources.Contact your campus or other public lab for schedules and Internet availability. Not having access to the required software on your home or work computer is NOT a legitimate excuse for turning in homework Technical problems are NOT an excuse for late or missed assignments or exams. If you experience difficulty with email, posting on the discussion boards, attaching files, finding/submitting assignments, or exam administration on Blackboard, the problem can be readily resolved by contacting your instructor or technical support at Ivy Tech prior to the assignments due date. An ahead by seeking alternative means for submitting your work before the situation arises. Local libraries and all Ivy Tech Community College campuses can serve as alternative resources. Contact your campus or other public lab for schedules and Internet availability. There will not be any extra credit offered in this course, so it is very important to plan ahead and not miss any assignments. Last Day to Withdraw If a student wishes to withdraw from this course, students are responsible for completing an official withdrawal form with the registrar.The last day to withdraw from this course is April 27, 2013. Right of Revision The college reserves the right to change any statements, policies or scheduling as necessary. Students will be informed promptly of any and all changes. COURSE COMMUNICATION instructor Commitment Ivy Tech Community College instructors are committed to responding to students within two business days. If a student sends communication, but does not receive a response, they should double-check that the correct communication method was used and that the correct location is being checked for a reply.Students can contact their local Distance Education Support with questions. NOTE: Messages are very different from Email. Students should carefully review the information below to ensure they are sending and receiving course communication properly. Messages: all students must use the messages function of the course for course-related communications. Using messages, students can send and receive information from within the course. Messages can only be sent and received from within the course in Blackboard. Please check messages frequently. To access messages (send and receive): 1.Log into Blackboard enter the course. 2. Click on Communication Tools, then Messages. 3. There are two folders: Inbox and Sent. The Inbox folder will contain all received messages (so kick there for messages from the instructor or other students). The Sent folder will contain sent. 4. At the top left corner, above the folders, is the button to start a Create Message. 5. After clicking on Create Message, clicking on the To button students can select the name of the person to write. Use the right-facing arrow to move the person into the recipient box. 6.Then, type a message and click on the Submit button when ready to send it. ASSIGNMENTS GRADING Methods of Evaluation Case Study Assignments (200 points 2 @ 100 points each): Two case study exercises will be required. The case study assignments are designed to introduce, review, and further explore issues in the class. Discussion Boards (250 [emailprotected] 25 points each): During the course, an online discussion forum will be developed to further explore topics addressed in the assigned readings. ;Students will be required to post one response to the instructor posted question.As a student, you will be required to respond to one additional comment to one of your fellow classmates. Responses are required to be grounded in academic material, especially the required readings. Each discussion board session is worth a total of 25 points. ; Answers are required to be grounded in academic material, especially the required readings. All postings are graded, based on academic merit. Posts that do not refer to the course/lesson material or do not provide academic support will not receive any credit.

A Briefer History of Time Report

A Briefer History of Time Report Free Online Research Papers At the end of the first chapter, Hawking ends with a thought provoking statement; â€Å"Someday these answers may seem as obvious to us as the Earth orbiting the sun – or perhaps as ridiculous as a tower of turtles. Only time (whatever that may be) will tell.† He illustrates the elusive ambiguity of science – what we are determined to prove true today, we may laugh at tomorrow. In the first two chapters, Stephen Hawking describes what we live in to be a â€Å"strange and wonderful universe,† introducing his topic with contrast to the old fashioned theory of the flat world resting upon a tower of turtles, quoted earlier. What can we really prove, and how can we determine if the theories we have today are legitimate or if they are as ridiculous as a pile of turtles? He brings up and then disproves various past ideas of the world and the galaxy, like the world being flat; if the world was flat, the Greeks had reasoned, you would see a ship to appear first as a dot and then, as it got closer, you would gradually be able to make out more detail. However, the first thing you see are the ship’s sails, and then later you see it’s hull, and â€Å"the fact that a ship’s masts, rising high above the hull, are the first part if the ship to poke up horizon is evidence that the Earth is a ball.† He also introduces Newton’s la ws, his ideas of gravity, and the elliptical orbits of the planets. In the third chapter, Hawking defines the nature of a scientific theory, and the process of abandoning or modifying these theories. He gives us a brief understanding of the general theory of relativity and quantum mechanics, while explaining that the two theories are inconsistent with each other; they cannot both be correct. The fourth chapter, entitled â€Å"Newton’s Universe,† talks about how gravity is proportional to mass. Although an object with twice the weight will have twice as much gravity pulling it down, it will also have twice the mass, thus it will only have half the acceleration per unit force. These two effects cancel each other out; therefore, every object has the same acceleration when falling. Another idea introduced in this chapter was the ambiguity of time and space. Hawking uses the example that if a person were on a train, bouncing a ping-pong ball, it would appear to them as if it was going straight up and down, whereas someone standing besi de the track would see the two bounces as forty meters apart, because the train would have raveled that far down the track between the bounces. In the fifth chapter, the fact that light travels at a very high yet finite speed is explained. Danish astronomer Ole Christensen Roemer observed that the eclipses of Jupiter’s moons were not evenly spaced. If Jupiter remained the same distance from the Earth at all times, the delay would be uniform for every eclipse. Because light has a farther distance to travel when Jupiter moves away from the earth, the light we would normally see is late. In addition, when Jupiter is closer to the earth, and the â€Å"signal† from each eclipse has les distance to travel, it arrives earlier. Ether is defined as a substance present everywhere, even in the vacuum of â€Å"empty† space. It is believed that light waves go through ether as sound waves do through air, and that, although different observers could see light coming toward them at different speeds, the light’s speed relative to the ether remains fixed. Hawking explains that â€Å"we must accept that time is not completely separate from and independent of space but is combined with it to form an object called space-time.† It is understood that position is relative; it is nothing unless compared to something else. In chapter six, a geodesic is explained as the shortest (or longest) distance between two points. The shortest distance between two points on the globe is along a great circle, or a circle around the globe (one of the largest circles you can draw on the globe) whose center coincides with the center of the earth. Therefore, although a straight line would be considered the shortest distance between two points, a curved geodesic is actually the shortest distance between two points on the globe. Some interesting topics in this chapter are the predictions of general relativity. General relativity predicts that gravitational fields should bend light. This means that the light from a distant star that passes near the sun would be deflected, appearing in a different position to someone on the Earth. Another prediction of general relativity is that time should appear to run slower near a massive body, such as the Earth. This prediction was tested in 1962 with a pair of very accurate clocks, mounted to the top and bottom of a water tower. The clock at the bottom was found to run more slowly, in exact agreement with general relativity. Our biological clocks are equally affected by this change in the flow of time. Throughout this chapter, the idea of absolute time was disproved. Chapter seven contains another discovery about the universe, that it is the same in every direction. It also introduces the method of parallax, using the change in relative position to plot locations. It was not possible to use this method for Edwin Hubble because the distances he was trying to find appeared fixed, because they were too far away. Instead, he catalogued the brightness of each star, dependant on the luminosity. The same types of stars have the same luminosity, and the types and luminosities of nearby stars could be determined, so Hubble was able to calculate the distance to that galaxy, eventually working out nine different galaxies. After this, he spent his time tracking where the galaxies were moving to, as most people expected them to be moving around quite randomly. He was surprised to find that every galaxy was moving away from us. This means that the universe could not be static or unchanging in size, rather it is expanding. This can be described by the e xpanding balloon model: â€Å"The situation is rather like a balloon with a number of spots painted on it being steadily blown up. As the balloon expands, the distance between any two spots increases, but there is no spot that can be said to be the center of the expansion. Moreover, as the radius of the balloon steadily increases, the farther apart the spots on the balloon, the faster they will be moving apart. For example, suppose the radius of the balloon doubles in one second. Two spots that were previously one centimeter apart will now e two centimeters apart (as measured along the surface of the balloon.)† In chapter eight, the big bang is explained, using reference to extreme temperatures, like one second after the big bang, when â€Å"the universe would have expanded enough to bring its temperature down to about ten billion degrees Celsius. This is about a thousand times the temperature at the center of the sun.† In addition, a black hole is explained as a collapsing star with a gravitational field so strong that light cannot escape. Therefore, these â€Å"black holes† are just black voids in space, stars massive enough where the escape velocity is higher than the speed of light. According to the theory of relativity, nothing can travel faster than light. Therefore, if light is not able to escape, how could anything else be able to? Black holes are very common – one satellite discovered fifteen hundred black holes in just one small area of the sky. If an astronaut was on the surface of a collapsing star, the change in gravity between his feet and the one o r two meters up to his head would literally â€Å"stretch him out like spaghetti or tear him apart before the star had contracted to the critical radius at which the event horizon formed.† Sometimes, when a very massive star collapses, parts of the star may be blown off in an explosion called a supernova. A supernova explosion is so gigantic that it can radiate more light than all the other stars in its galaxy combined. In chapter nine, quantum mechanics are used to describe the unavoidable element of unpredictability or randomness into science. The particles in this uncertainty behavior behave in some respects like waves. They do not have a definite position but are â€Å"smeared out† with a probability distribution. A nice way of visualizing this wave/particle duality is the â€Å"sum over histories† introduced by Feynman. Instead of a particle moving in one single path, it is supposed to go from point A to point B by every possible path. With each path between point A and point B, Feynman associated a couple of numbers – one represents the size of a wave, the other represents the position in the cycle. Quantum theory has been an outstandingly successful theory and underlies almost all of modern science and technology. Chapter ten, titled â€Å"Wormholes and Time Travel,† touches on the science-fiction aspects of true science. It is stated that traveling to the future is possible, if one accelerates to the speed of light. The first indication that traveling to the past might be possible was when Gà ¶del discovered a new solution to Einstein’s equations; that is, â€Å"a new space-time allowed by the theory of general relativity.† His space-time had the curious property that the universe was rotating. There is a problem, however, with breaking the speed-of-light barrier. The theory of relativity states that the rocket power needed to accelerate a spaceship gets greater and greater the nearer it gets to the speed of light. Particles so far can be accelerated up to 99.99% of the speed of light, but they cannot get them beyond the speed-of-light barrier. There is a possible way out of this predicament – a wormhole, which is a think tube of space-time that connects tw o nearly flat regions far apart. In chapter eleven, force-carrying particles are grouped into four different categories, the first being the gravitational force. This force is universal, and every particle feels the force of gravity according to its mass or energy. The second is electromagnetic force, which interacts with electrically charged particles, and is much stronger than the gravitational force. The third category is called the weak nuclear force. We do not come in direct contact with this force, however it is responsible for radioactivity – the decay of atomic nuclei. The last category, and the strongest of all forces, is the strong nuclear force. This is another force with which we don’t have direct contact, yet it is responsible for holding most of our everyday world together. Without the strong force, the electric repulsion between the positively charged protons would blow apart every atomic nucleus in the universe (except those of hydrogen gas.) This chapter also touches on the str ing theory. In string theories, the basic objects are things that have length but no other dimension, and they either have ends (open strings) or they may be joined up with themselves in closed loops (closed strings.) String theories lead to infinities, but it is thought that in the right version they will all cancel out (though this is not known for certain.) Also, these theories seem only to be consistent if space-time has either ten or twenty-six dimensions instead of the usual four. There are many problems with more than three space dimensions. In four dimensions, the gravitational force would drop to 1/8th, in five to 1/16th, and so on. The orbits of planets around the sun would be unstable. People have searched for the underlying theory, but so far, it has been without success. In Newton’s time, it was possible for an educated person to have a grasp of the whole human knowledge; today that clearly is not true. The goal of science is to get a complete understand ing of the events around us, and of our own existence. Research Papers on A Briefer History of Time ReportThe Hockey GameEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenMind TravelThree Concepts of PsychodynamicCapital PunishmentThe Spring and AutumnHarry Potter and the Deathly Hallows EssayRelationship between Media Coverage and Social andUnreasonable Searches and SeizuresLifes What Ifs

Brief biography of a Texas Representative or a US Senator Essay

Brief biography of a Texas Representative or a US Senator - Essay Example Gattis was born on December 1, 1967 in Austin, Texas. His father is a former agricultural school teacher and his mother a former public school teacher. The family ranch is called Beefmaster cattle. Gattis and his spouse Shana have three pre-school children (Texas House of Representatives, 2009). Gattis graduated from Texas A& M University in College Station, Texas in 1990. He was a member of Texas A&M Corps of Cadets (Gattis & Lucas LLP) and class president (Texas House of Representatives, 2009). In 1994, Gattis graduated in law from South Texas College of Law, Houston (Gattis & Lucas LLP). Gattis started his legal career as an associate for Houston-based litigation firm Tucker, Hendryx & Gascoyne. Beginning in 1996, he served for seven years as a criminal prosecutor in Williamson County. In 2003, Gattis started his own law firm, which he merged with his friend and attorney Travis Lucas office in 2006 to form Gattis & Lucas, LLP (Gattis & Lucas LLP). Gattis is the head of the firms litigation and trial practice in representing individuals, companies, and organizations in courtrooms across the State (Gattis & Lucas LLP). Appraisal Reform: Gattis supports bringing accountability and transparency to the current appraisal system (Texans for Dan Gattis). He promises to support reforms that would give property owners more rights while making the appraisal district accountable to voters (Texans for Dan Gattis). Businesses and jobs. Gattis promises to continue supporting policies focusing on the States economic well-being. His efforts towards policies such as worker’s compensation reform, no state income tax, and lawsuit reform have earned him the title of Defender of the American Dream by Americans for Prosperity for two sessions (Texans for Dan Gattis). Energy: Gattis favors achieving energy independence by increasing States exploration and production while investigating all alternative energy sources