Should Companies Bear The Corporate Social Responsibility...

Should companies bear the corporate social responsibility of employment practices among the multinational corporations? This essay will illustrate why the specific ethical issue is essential, analyse further ethical question, define current comprehension of ethical issues, analyse the act of ethical utilitarianism by forecasting three important positive and three important negative consequences, and should companies bear the corporate social responsibility or not. Firstly, the corporate social responsibility (CSR) has been argued since the 1950s and the definition of CSR is continually changing. It also demonstrated as resolving social issues (Wood and Logsdon 2002). Because CSR is focusing on estimating the social economy, which depends†¦show more content†¦Donaldson (1989, cited in Secchi, 2007:359) found that general ethics, when manager have great idea find out invisible profits and unlimited resource. Because without concentrating on the practical managerial approach, a few of negative consequences happen like protests, boycotts, and strikes. The third theory is which elements will affect employee s commitment. Towers Perrin (2009) figured out that community advancement is the third most significant driver of employee engagement. For example, in America, company s competence is the second most considered factor, and the following factor is the company s duty for workers in general. In conclusion, CSR theories such as utilitarian, managerial and relational approaches are commonly using. Thirdly, in the global world, as a result of multinational employment, there are a plenty of CSR issues that are even much complex and difficult that before. One of the issues is extra- legal which is voluntary, not compulsory. Because of the voluntary, sometimes big companies do not follow the rule of CSR. For example, the famous brand like Nike faces tremendous pressure in order to be liable to employees. They arouse acrimony through the indirect business strategies such as providing low-cost conditions to labours. Hence, to be capable achieving liable, companies need to be responsible. InShow MoreRelatedThe Moral Responsibilities of Multinational Corporations (MNCs)1617 Words   |  7 PagesMultinational companies like Calt ex have a moral obligation to improve the living conditions of the citizens who live and work in those countries. Their role cannot be limited to increasing shareholder value, while perpetuating and fortifying political regimes that persecute and discriminate a group, or groups of their citizenry. I liken this to reforestation, and the responsibility that governments and corporations have to our planet. A corporation cannot simply make a profit and deplete naturalRead MoreWhat Do You Consider Are the Most Important Strategic Challenges for Today’s Hr Practitioners Operating in Multi- or Transnational Companies?2728 Words   |  11 PagesTake Home Exam Question 1: What do you consider are the most important strategic challenges for today’s HR practitioners operating in multi- or transnational companies? Critically discuss your position drawing on ideas and arguments raised during the semester and with reference to a brief example from industry. Introduction Nowadays, with the increased level of globalization and advance in technology, new markets and international business have grown dramatically in the whole world. As aRead MoreWhy Do We Need The Oil Producing Community? Does This Look Like Saudi Arabia? Essay7139 Words   |  29 Pagesfrom Vinkaviks Ekariko at a meeting between chiefs of a local community in Nigeria s now volatile Niger Delta region and officials of a Multinational Oil Corporation , reflects Amao’s view that, home jurisdictions in vulnerable areas are generally perceived to be powerless when it comes to the operations of large organisations particularly multinational corporations(MNCs) situated in their area . According to Mujih, MNCs operate on a large scale throughout the world producing both constructive andRead MoreThe Niger Delta Region Of Nigeria Essay10130 Words   |  41 Pagesdisintegrating infrastructures, high rate of unemployment, social deprivation, abject poverty and widespread conflict. There h ave been incessant calls for the multi- national corporations(â€Å"MNCs†) operating in the area to demonstrate the value of their investments to Nigeria by undertaking increased corporate social responsibility(â€Å"CSR†) initiatives that provide for environmental friendly practices as well as direct social benefits such as local employment, new infrastructure, schools and improved health careRead MoreGap Labor Problems2485 Words   |  10 PagesMajor ethical issues: †¢ Gap Inc. is a multinational casual apparel chain retail store with â€Å"3000 supplier in 50 different countries†. The manufacturing environment, human right treatment and labour policy vary substantially among suppliers from substandard to appalling. †¢ Gap Inc.’s customer were deceived to assume the products were â€Å"Made in USA†, under United States labour standards and human right policies; whilst, manufacturing factories were located in Saipan –a U.S. protectorate in SoutheastRead MoreCorporate Social Responsibility : Supply Chain to Value Chain8966 Words   |  36 Pageschains: A spotlight on CSR Malika Bhandarkar and Tarcisio Alvarez-Rivero* 1. Introduction Corporate social responsibility (CSR)1 has become a hot topic in boardrooms across the world. Changes in corporate value systems are being driven by pressures from different actors, including governments, consumers, non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and institutional investors (diagram 1). Multinational corporations (MNCs) have operations spread across the globe, relying on both foreign affiliates and arm’s-lengthRead MoreReport on International Ethical Issues2719 Words   |  11 Pagesethical issues facing Dell Inc. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦6 3.1 Employment Practices†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦6 3.2 Environmental Pollution†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦7 4). Apply relevant theories of ethical decision-making†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦8 4.1 Supplier Responsibility†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦8 4.2 Environment Responsibility†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦9 5). Actions taken by Dell Inc.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦10 5.1 Supplier Responsibility†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦10 5.2 Environmental Protection†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦11 Read MoreHbr Cases Csr Outsourcing in Tangers 2 P6893 Words   |  28 PagesCASE  STUDY  :  Multinational  Outsourcing  and  CSR.  Inditex:  The   worldwide  outsourcing  garment  industry  and  social  community   development  in  Morocco      â€Å"Intermà ³n  claims  that  pressures  on  foreign  clothing  suppliers  are  smothering  employees.  [†¦]  In   Morocco,   where   Cortefiel,   Inditex   (Zara),   Mango   and   Induyco   (El   Corte   Inglà ©s)   manufacture   their  products,  a  Tangier  based  textile  factory  sold  a  pair  of  slacks  to  large  Spanish  retailers  for   3.3  euros  three  years  ago;  today,  the  same  item  sells  for  2  eurosRead MoreStrategy and Society9783 Words   |  40 PagesStrategy Society The Link Between Competitive Advantage and Corporate Social Responsibility The Idea in Brief Many firms’ corporate social responsibility (CSR) efforts are counterproductive, for two reasons: They pit business against society, when the two are actually interdependent. And they pressure companies to think of CSR in generic ways, instead of crafting social initiatives appropriate to their individual strategies. CSR can be much more than just a cost, constraint, or charitableRead MoreNiger Delta Development Commission ( Nddc ) Act 2000 Essay7301 Words   |  30 Pagescalls for a deeper integration and cooperation between these states and oil operators . The major mandate of the NDDC among others is the conception, planning and implementation in accordance with set rules and regulations, of projects and programs for sustainable development of the Niger delta area in the field of transportation including roads, jetties, water-ways, health, employment, industrialization, agriculture and fisheries, housing and urban development, water supply, electricity and telecommunicatio ns

Sippican Case - 1560 Words

1 SIPPICAN CORPORATION CASE ANALYSYS 20229 Cost Management System 2 Executive Summary ïÆ'Ëœ Company Overview ïÆ'Ëœ Accounting method ïÆ'Ëœ Production process ïÆ'Ëœ Activities performed ïÆ'Ëœ Q1. Should Sippican use a contribution margin approach? Explanation ïÆ'Ëœ Q2. Capacity cost rates for resources ïÆ'Ëœ Q3. ïÆ'Ëœ a. Revised costs and profits ïÆ'Ëœ b. Product costs and profitability analysis with the new allocation method. Cause of the shifts in values. ïÆ'Ëœ Q4. What actions should the management take to improve Sippican’s profitability? 3 Company overview †¢ Sippican is a company manufacturing hydraulic control devices: valves, pumps and flow controllers †¢ Recent trends (March 2006) ï  ¶ Valves: margin remained at standard 35% ï  ¶ Pumps:†¦show more content†¦DM units 4 5 10 DM cost 16 20 22 DL h/unit 0,38 0,50 0,4 Machine h/unit 0,5 0,5 0,3 Set up h/unit 5 6 12 Production Units Machine hrs (run time) Production runs Setup hrs(labormachine) #of shipments Hrs engineering work Valves Pumps Flow Contr. 7500 12500 4000 3750 6250 1200 20 100 225 100 600 2700 40 100 200 60 240 600 Total 24000 11200 345 3400 340 900 Actual quantities per activity: Activities Set up hrs Machine hrs Receiving control hrs Packaging Shipment hrs Engeneering hrs Pr Units x DLhrs Mhrs+set up hrs(machine) 75’/60) x production runs (50’/60’) x #ship + (8’/60’) x pr. Units Eng hrs Valves 2850 3850 25 1.033,33 60 Pumps 6250 6850 125 1750 240 Flow contr 1600 3900 281,25 700 600 Total hrs used 10700 14600 431,25 3483,33 900 Q3 Valves Pumps Flow Controllers Tot $592.500,0 $875.000,0 $380.000,0 $1.847.500,0 $212.625,0 $453.125,0 $140.000,0Show MoreRelatedSippican Case Study Scm1385 Words   |  6 Pagesthe number of units produced per production run- it is 375 for valves and 18 for flow controllers per production run. This shows the reason for high overheads cost too. Hence it calls for checking the cost allocation system of the company. Since Sippican produces three different products which comprise of different components, processes for all three need to be customised and refined to bring in any kind of standards. Variations in batch size owing to the machining constraints etc. are brought inRead MoreSippican Corp1240 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Sippican Corporation Sippican Corporation Questions: 1. Given some of the apparent problems with Sippican’s cost system, should executives abandon overhead assignment to products entirely and adopt a contribution margin approach in which manufacturing overhead is treated as a period expense? Why or why not? Answer: Consider Sippican is a manufacturer company with multiple products, using simple cost accounting system that directly allocate factory overhead to unit of product entirely throughRead MoreEssay on Sippican Corporation1698 Words   |  7 Pagesproducts shows how profitable the products are after deducting all cost. However, it is important to find the appropriate method of overhead cost allocation. In Sippican’s case the traditional accounting method is used, which does not reflect the real resource usage of the different product lines. The correct method in this case would be to apply the time-driven ABC approach for cost allocation. Such method apart from showing the actual profitability after all cost deductions also depicts the differencesRead MoreCost and Flow Controllers2130 Words   |  9 PagesThe Sippican Corporation Case Study (A) Management Summary Sippican Corporation - a supplier of valves, pumps, and flow controllers to manufacturers of water purification equipm ent – faced concerns due to the fact that its competitors have been reducing the price of pumps, which was a major product line. According to Sippican’s cost accounting system further decrease in the price of pumps would not be acceptable as because of the past price reductions the margin on pumps have already declined fromRead MoreAssignment Ch05 Essay2746 Words   |  11 Pagesdifference does your cost assignment have on reported product costs and profitability? What causes any shifts in cost and profitability? Answer: (d) Could this approach be extended to service companies and to companies much larger and more complex than Sippican? What would be the barriers and difficulties with implementing time-driven ABC in practice? Answer: (e) On the basis of the revised cost and profitability estimates, what actions should Sippican’s management team take to improve the company’s profitability

Development Effective Risk Management Plan â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Development Effective Risk Management Plan? Answer: Introduction According to Liu, Meng and Fellows (2015), the risk management plan is developed for integrating the effective risk analysis and assessment for the ATAs East Timor Solar project. The risk management plan developed would be helpful for the development of an effective plan of operations for integrating the development of the risk management cycle for the ATAs East Timor Solar project. The following essay would highlight the various risks and their contingency planning for the development of the effective risk management plan. The essay would evaluate the various risks of ATAs East Timor Solar projectand imply some strategies for minimizing the project plan. Risk Management Plan for ATAs East Timor Solar Project The risk management planning is done for realizing the various factors of risk for the ATAs East Timor Solar project. The risk management planning consists of four steps namely risk identification, risk evaluation, risk mitigation strategy, and risk mitigation strategy control (Teller, Kock Gemnden, 2014). The risk management planning would help the analysis of the probable risk factors for the ATAs East Timor Solar project and develop some crucial strategies for reducing the possible actions of the project. The risk management plan would ensure that project would be completed successfully by ensuring that overall structure of the project is done comprehensively. The risk management planning is carried on by the deployment of the effective and improved planning and mitigation of the project development (Galliers, Leidner, 2014). The development of the risk management plan would be carried on by analysis of the risk and identifying them. The risk identification for the project of AT As East Timor Solar project would be done for analysis of the various risk factors that would affect the continuity of the operations of harvesting and implying solar energy at East Timor. The identified risk factors for the project were Power Issues at East Timor, Unable to use Local Suppliers, High Exchange Rates, and Absence of Occupational Health and Safety at East Timor. These risk factors had to be faced for developing the ATAs East Timor Solar project and completing it successfully. As opined by Paquin, Gauthier and Morin (2016), risk identification had been done for critical evaluation of the proposed operations for forming understanding on the occurrence and developing the solutions of the risk factors that might impact the project operations. The risk evaluation consists of the process of forming a deep analysis of the identified risk factors, evaluating the impact level and probability, and prioritizing the risk by using risk priority matrix (Karlsen, Folke-Olsen Torvatn, 2015). The risk evaluation would be done for ensuring that the development of the project would be carried on for forming the impact analysis of the risk processes. The project of ATAs East Timor Solar project consists of various risk factors like power issues at East Timor, unable to use local suppliers, high exchange rates, and absence of occupational health and safety at East Timor. The project team would have to deal with these issues for ensuring that the operations of the project would be completed successfully. The risk management would employ the use of the specific strategy for dealing with a particular type of risk. The risk management would ensure that the deployment of the risk mitigation strategies for the successful completion of the proj ect. The development of the risk mitigation would require the consideration of the effective and improved risk management planning (Bowers Khorakian, 2014). The various risks of the project were raised due to the organization of ATA being an outsider at East Timor. The project of ATAs East Timor Solar project would comprise of developing and installing the system that might result in causing injuries and burns to the employees. According to Zhao, Hwang and Phng (2014), the risk mitigation strategies would involve the deployment of the effective and smart solutions to the listed risk factors for ATAs East Timor Solar project. The organization ATA had deployed the Support of their Partner Organization (Timorese) for ensuring that they follow the working culture of East Timor. The local organization would be extremely helpful in bridging the gap of working culture of ATA with that of East Timor. The local organization had even resolved the issue of language barrier for the organization ATA. The organization had even formed some Allowance in the Overall Budget for the project for ensuring that the risk of budget is overcome. The organization had deployed the use of Timor OH and S Health and Safety Policies for ensuring that the development of the project would be highly facilitated by the formation of the effective and smart processing of the organization. The occupational health and safety compliances of Austr alia would be limited for being mixed with the East Timors OH and S policies. The monitoring and control of the project risks would tend to evaluate the development of the proper integration and management of operations. The deployment of the effective and improved functions of risk mitigation would be monitored for realizing whether the operations of the project would be done sufficiently correct (Pritchard PMP, 2014). The risk monitoring would ensure that the deployed risk mitigations strategies are successfully implemented and the overall impact of the risk is minimized. Conclusion The risk management planning for the project of ATAs East Timor Solar project had been developed by considering the operational risk of the project. The identified risk factors for the project had been power issues at East Timor, unable to use local suppliers, high exchange rates, and absence of occupational health and safety at East Timor. These issues can be resolved by the support of their partner organization, forming an allowance in the overall budget, and abiding by the East Timor Oh and S health and safety policies. The risk management planning had been very helpful form ensuring the overall safety and compliance of the operations of the project of ATAs East Timor Solar project. The developed plan had been made by using the concepts and principles of project risk management. References Bowers, J., Khorakian, A. (2014). Integrating risk management in the innovation project.European Journal of innovation management,17(1), 25-40. Galliers, R. D., Leidner, D. E. (Eds.). (2014).Strategic information management: challenges and strategies in managing information systems. Routledge. Karlsen, J. T., Folke-Olsen, O., Torvatn, T. (2015). Project risk management: use and benefit of various tools.Transportation Systems and Engineering: Concepts, Methodologies, Tools and Applications, IGI Global, Hershey, Pennslyvania, 250-271. Liu, J., Meng, F., Fellows, R. (2015). An exploratory study of understanding project risk management from the perspective of national culture.International Journal of Project Management,33(3), 564-575. Paquin, J. P., Gauthier, C., Morin, P. P. (2016). The downside risk of project portfolios: the impact of capital investment projects and the value of project efficiency and project risk management programmes.International Journal of Project Management,34(8), 1460-1470. Pritchard, C. L., PMP, P. R. (2014).Risk management: concepts and guidance. CRC Press. Teller, J., Kock, A., Gemnden, H. G. (2014). Risk management in project portfolios is more than managing project risks: A contingency perspective on risk management.Project Management Journal,45(4), 67-80. Zhao, X., Hwang, B. G., Phng, W. (2014). Construction project risk management in Singapore: resources, effectiveness, impact, and understanding.KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering,18(1), 27.

Natural Causes of Climate Change free essay sample

Natural causes of climate change within the model are livestock (cows) producing methane gas. Human-made causes that can be seen are deforestation for crops, homes, and businesses. Pollution from cars and planes realeases CO2 into the air and the use of electricty to run the homes and businesses creates greenhouse gases. From 1775 till today, cars and planes have been created and contribute to green house gas production. The population has increase and more crops and homes have been built. Oil drilling and cration of factories and power plants have also been added to our world since 1775. The module predits that our population will double and their will be even more green house gases being trapped by our ozone layer. 2. According to the model and other readings, carbon dioxide contributes the most pollution resulting in climate change. CO2 has always been in the atmosphere naturally to allow for some heat to be reflected, but with the creation of cars, planes and other fossil fuel reliant items, such as electricity, the amount of CO2 produced has increased and its relfecting for sunlight back onto earth and releasing less. We will write a custom essay sample on Natural Causes of Climate Change or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Deforestation also has contributed to the CO2 increase. When trees are burned, the carbon they store within them is released. The more CO2 relaeased allows for more CO2 to become trapped in the oxzone allowing more heat reflection , increasing temperature. The increasing blanket of heat-trapping pollution increase with each time period on the model. In 1775 it was minute, and our current time period it practically doubles and in 2050 it almost doubles again. . Climate change has a significant effect on local weather patterns and, in turn, these changes can have serious impacts on human societies and the natural world. There are various impacts that occur on the climate such as stronger hurricanes, Scientists have confirmed that hurricanes are becoming more intense. Since hurricanes draw their strength from the heat in ocean surface waters, hurricanes have the potential to become more powerful as the water warms. Climate change is threatening ecosystems around the world, affecting plants and animals on land, in oceans, and in freshwater lakes and rivers. Some ecosystems are especially at risk, including the Arctic and sub–Arctic because they are sensitive to temperature and likely to experience the greatest amount of warming; coral reefs because they are sensitive to high water temperatures and ocean acidity, both of which are rising with atmospheric CO2 levels; and tropical rainforests because they are sensitive o small changes in temperature and precipitation. Climate change is expected to affect human health directly—from heat waves, floods, and storms—and indirectly—by increasing smog and ozone in cities, contributing to the spread of infectious diseases, and reducing the availability and quality of food and water. Also for humans the rapid climate change and accelerating biodiversity loss risks human security.For example major changes in food chain upon which we all depend upon and water sources may become harder to obtain as the plants and from that which they resulting from.